Sažetak

Divlja loza (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel.) je predak kultivirane vinove loze i nikad nije detaljno istražena u Hrvatskoj. Prirodno stanište ove ugrožene europske biljke (prema IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih biljnih vrsta) je relativno netaknuta šuma u neposrednoj blizini vode. Genetska sličnost divlje i kultivirane loze je vrlo visoka (uključujući seksualnu kompatibilnost) iako divlja loza nije pretrpjela strogi selekcijski proces domestikacije. Zbog toga u genomu divlje loze još uvijek postoje jedinstvena svojstva i aleli koje treba istražiti i koristiti u suvremenom oplemenjivanju vinove loze. Glavni ciljevi ovog projekta su i) procijeniti genetsku i fenotipsku raznolikost divlje loze, te istražiti povezanost sa autohtonim sortama vinove loze, ii) sačuvati genetsku raznolikost, iii) istražiti neke morfološke i genetske karakteristike divlje loze koje su od posebnog interesa u programima oplemenjivanja i mogu pomoći u transferu određenih korisnih gena koji nisu bili cijenjeni tijekom domestikacije i selekcije. Ovaj projekt će omogućiti osnivanje genetskog laboratorija za DNA karakterizaciju vinove loze na IJK. Okupljanje tima znanstvenika usmjerenih na divlju lozu omogućiti će multidisciplinarni uvid, te povećati vidljivost i suradnju hrvatske istraživačke grupe sa međunarodnom znanstvenom zajednicom za genetske resurse vinove loze.

Summary

The wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel.) is an ancestor of cultivated grapevine and has never been explored in detail in Croatia. Natural native habitats for this endangered European plant (according to the IUCN Red list of threatened plant species) are relatively untouched forest with significant nearby water. The genetic similarity between wild and cultivated grapes is very high (including sexual compatibility) although the wild grape has not passed through the strict selection process of domestication. Thus, there are possible unique traits and alleles still present in the wild grape genome, which should be explored and used in modern grapevine breeding. The main objectives of this project are to i) assess the overall genetic and phenotypic diversity of wild grape in this region and their relatedness to local cultivated grapevine, ii) preserve the genetic diversity, iii) investigate some morphological and genetic characteristics of wild grape that are of special interest to breeding programs to aid transfer of certain beneficial genes that were not favoured during domestication and human selection bringing unique contribution to this research field. This project will enable the installation of a genetic laboratory for grapevine DNA characterization at the IAC, gather a team of scientists focused on wild grape to deliver multidisciplinary insight, and increase the visibility and collaboration of this Croatian research group with the international scientific community for grape genetic resources, and research collaboration.